Mitar mita da aka yi bayani
2024-09-03 3495

Mitar mita (FM) fasaha ce da ta canza yanayin sadarwar rediyo, bayar da unpalleelleelled tsabta da tsangwama.Daga farkon tallafi a cikin watsa shirye-shirye zuwa babban aikinta a cikin ta hanyar sadarwa ta zamani, FM ta zama babban abin hawa na yadda muke aika bayanai da karɓar bayani.Wannan labarin ya cancanci a cikin ayyukan mitar mitulation, bincika matsayinsa na fasaha, aikace-aikace, da cigaban fasaha waɗanda ke ci gaba da tsaftace wannan dabarar sadarwa.Ko a cikin harkokin watsa shirye-shiryen hodio mai martaba ko ingantaccen sadarwar gaggawa, mahimman mahimman mahimmancin wasan kwaikwayon ya kasance ba a daidaita shi ba wajen isar da sigina a duk yankin daban-daban.

Tsarin litattafai

Hoto 1: Mitar Myulation da Rediyon FM

Mecece mita matsakaici (FM)?

Mitar mita (FM) ita ce cibiyar sadarwa mai ban sha'awa a cikin sadarwar rediyo, inda aka daidaita mita igiyar ruwa bisa ga amsar siginar mai shigowa, wanda zai iya zama sauti ko bayanai.Wannan tsari yana haifar da dangantaka ta kai tsaye tsakanin amplitude siginar siginar da canje-canjen mita a cikin raƙuman ruwa.Wadannan canje-canje, ana amfani da karkacewa, ana auna su a kilowertz (KHz).Misali, karkacewa na ± 3 khz na nufin mitar mriver matsi 3 khz a sama da kuma a kasa tsakiyar bayanin da ke cikin wadannan abubuwan canzawa.Gyara karkacewa shine mafita don yadda ya dace ta amfani da FM, musamman ma a cikin m mita-m (vHF), inda kewayon tsayawa daga 88.5 zuwa 108 mhz.Anan, babban karkacewa, kamar ± 75 KHZ, ana amfani da su don ƙirƙirar fr-band frm (WBFM).Wannan hanyar shine don watsa babban-aminci Audio, yana buƙatar bandwidth mai yawa, yawanci kusan 200 KHZ na kowace tashar.A cikin birane birane, sarrafa wannan bandwidth ana buƙatar don guje wa kutse tsakanin tashoshi.

Sabanin haka, kunkuntar-Band FM (nbfm) ana amfani dashi lokacin da bandwidth ya iyakance, kamar yadda cikin sadarwa ta wayar hannu.Nbfm yana aiki tare da ƙananan karkata, a kusa da ± 3 khz, kuma na iya aiki a cikin kundwower bandwidths, wani lokacin kaɗan kamar 10 khz.Wannan hanyar tana da kyau lokacin da fifikon ya tabbata da ingantaccen sadarwa maimakon yin aminci mai jiodiya.Misali, a cikin tilasta bin doka ko ayyukan gaggawa, Nbfm yana tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali, har ma a cikin birane tare da shinge na zahiri kamar gine-gine da tashoshi.Har ila yau, kunddin kundwereth kuma yana ba da damar ƙarin tashoshi zuwa Coxist a cikin mai iyaka na ayyukan zane da kuma amfani da kayan aiki da kuma amfani don kula da bayyane bayyananniyar haske.

Tsarin zargin mitar

Hoto na 2: Mitawar mita

Ana aiwatar da tsarin mitar a cikin sadarwar rediyo, tabbatar da cewa ana dawo da siginar asali daga girgifi mai dumbin motsi.Wannan tsari ya canza mital v ariat ions na siginar mai shigowa ta a fariat ions, madadin siginar asali, ko bayanai, don ƙarin amplification.Na'urori da aka yi amfani da wannan aikin, kamar FM Remodulators, ko masu ganowa, ko masu nuna bambanci, an tsara su ne don sauya sauya canzawa yayin amsar siginar sigari yayin da yake adana ƙimar sigari.Zabi na Democeulator ya dogara da buƙatar daidaitawa, ingancin bandwidth, da takamaiman yanayin aiki.A zahiri, demo ɗin yana farawa lokacin da eriyar ta karɓi siginar ta hanyar eriya da siginar da ke kewaye ta amfani da ta amfani da mai tatto.Ana buƙatar wannan mataki saboda duk wani hayaniya na saura na iya lalata daidaituwa.Siginar da aka keɓe sannan ta wuce ta hanyar rufewa, inda ake fassara mita v ariat zuwa wutar lantarki ariat wanda ke dacewa da amplitude na ainihi.

A cikin sadarwa na bayanai, inda har ma da ƙananan kurakurai na iya haifar da asarar bayanai ko rashawa, gurasar sun fi girma.Alamar rikewa yawanci tana ciyar da ta zama ta dubawa, inda Microcontrolrons ta sarrafa shi ko kwamfutoci.Mahalli da ke buƙatar amincin bayanai, kamar ma'amaloli na kuɗi ko ikon zirga-zirga, dogaro da disodulators yana iya sarrafa saurin mita da ƙananan murdiya.Tsarin bincike mai zurfi na ci gaba da tsarin dubawa ana amfani da shi na yau da kullun don ganowa da daidai yadda ya kamata, yin fasahar rushewar da zata tabbatar da yiwuwar watsawa.

Modul Modulators

Siffofin m miquulated (FM) sun ƙunshi dabaru daban-daban, kowannensu wanda aka daidaita shi zuwa takamaiman bukatun aiki.Zaɓin dabarun zamani yana shafar aikin da amincin tsarin sadarwa.

Varcor Doodo Oscillator:

Hoto na 3: Varacor Doode Oscilator don samar da siginar FM

Hanyar gama gari don samar da siginar FM ta amfani da Doodcor Diode a cikin yankin Oscillator.Zaɓar mafi kyawun canje-canje na Varactor tare da ƙarfin lantarki, yana canza yawan oscillator.Wannan hanyar tana da tasiri don samar da alamun kunkuntar-Band FM (NBFM).Yana da kyau don na'urorin sadarwa mai ɗaukuwa inda sarari da iko suke iyakantattu.Koyaya, wannan saukin yana da cinikin ciniki, ciki har da iyakance mita da daidaito.Sabili da haka, wannan bai dace da aikace-aikacen da suka nemi babban aminci ko waka-band frm (WBFM).

Madaukai-da aka kulle:

Hoto na 4: Lokaci-da aka kulle daidaitattun tsarin

Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarin mizar mita, madauki-lokaci mai dafaffen kaya (PLLs) ana son su sau da yawa.PLLs suna samar da ingantaccen ikon mitar, sanya su kwarai ga mahalli inda ake buƙatar amincin sigari.Pell yana kulla mitar Oscilillor ga siginar shigarwar, da tabbatar da zaman lafiya a kan lokaci, da kyau a cikin watsa shirye-shirye na kyauta inda har ma da ƙananan mixive karkacewa na iya lalata ƙimar mitar.Ana amfani da masu samar da kayan masarufi a tsarin da ke buƙatar tsananin riko da ka'idojin mitoci, kamar tsarin sarrafa kayayyaki ko tsarin zirga-zirga.Koyaya, aiwatar da PLLs na gabatar da kalubale.Dole ne sigogi na madauki madauki dole ne a sami damar tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki.Misali, madauki bandwidth dole ne ya kasance da yawa isa don bin saƙo mai shigowa daidai amma kunkuntar isa ya tace amo da mitoci mara amfani.Samun wannan daidaitawa sau da yawa yana buƙatar ɓarna da gwaji, tare da masu aiki ta amfani da kayan aiki na musamman don auna da daidaita sigogin madauki a ainihin lokaci.

Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani

FM fa'idodi

Mitar mita (FM) tana ba da fa'idodi da yawa, musamman wajen rike da siginar siginar da dogaro.Babban fa'idodi shine juska na FM don amo da ƙarfin siginar v ariat.Ba kamar amplitude yanayi ba (na safe), inda amo ya shafi ingancin sauya siginar ta hanyar canza amplitude, bayanan fm ebodes ta hanyar mita canje-canje.Wannan hanyar tana sanya fm ƙasa da mai saukin kamuwa da rikice-rikice masu alaƙa, ya ba da siginar ya wuce gona da iri.Wannan robust yana da amfani musamman m a cikin sadarwar ta hannu, inda ƙarfin sigina na iya bambanta kamar yadda mai karɓar yana motsawa ta hanyar birni daban-daban ko gandun daji.Ikon FM don tabbatar da bayyananniyar sadarwa duk da yanayin canzawa yana da kyau a cikin waɗannan saitunan.Misali, a cikin tsarin sadarwa mai daukar hoto, FM ya tabbatar da sadarwa a tsakanin direbobi da cibiyoyin aiki, ko da lokacin motsawa cikin yankuna masu bambancin sigina.Kwayar FM don amo ta kuma sa cikakke ga watsa shirye-shirye masu inganci, tace fitar da hayaniyar muhalli wanda yake shafan amplitude.

Wani fa'idar FM ita ce dacewa da mitar rediyo marasa layi (RF) amplifiers.FM yana ba da damar zamani a matakin ƙananan iko, yana ba da damar amfani da ingantaccen amplifiers marasa layi waɗanda ke haɓaka sigina ba tare da babban murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da manyan murdiya ba tare da kara.Wannan ingantaccen aiki yana da fa'idodin musamman a cikin aikace-aikacen masu ɗaukuwa.Misali, a cikin radiyo na hannu wanda aka yi amfani da shi, ta amfani da ƙarancin masu saurin fushi na iya mika lokacin aiki, da kyau yayin aiwatar da ayyukan a wurare masu nisa.

FM rashin daidaituwa

Duk da fa'idodinsa, miyayewa miyayi (FM) yana da iyakoki.Oneaya daga cikin abin da ya dace na farko shine ƙananan hanyoyinta na ɓoye da wasu dabarun zamani, kamar ƙayyadadden lokaci (qam) da quadures qomatitude matsakaici (qam) da quadures qomatitude matsakaici (qam) da quadures matsakaici (qam) da quadures qomatitude matsakaici (qam) da quadures matsakaici (qam) da quadures qomatitude matsakaici (qam) da quadures matsakaici (qam) da quadures qomatitude matsakaici (qam) da quadures qumlitude matsakaici (qam) da quadures matsakaici (qam) da quadures qiplitude matsakaici (qam) da quadures qumlitude matsakaici (qam) da quadures matsakaici (qam) da quadures quaditude matsakaici (qam) da quadures matsakaici (qam).FM yawanci yana buƙatar ƙarin bandwidth don cimma nasarar farashin bayanai, yana sa ya dace da aikace-aikace-aikace-aikace, musamman a cikin mahalli tare da karancin bandwidth.

Wani hakkin shine hadaddun abubuwa da farashi mai hade da FM Remodulators, wanda dole ne ya canza mita v ariat ions cikin canje-canje canje-canje.Wannan tsari yana buƙatar kewayon fili da kuma ingantaccen kayan aikin, yin tsarin FM ya fi tsada a aiwatarwa da kiyaye tsarin.Menene, sigina na FM, FM yana haifar da sifar sabuwa wanda ba fadada manyan bandwidth, musamman a cikin manyan aikace-aikace (WBFM).Gudanar da wannan bandwidth yana buƙatar tace daidai don hana lalata siginar.Torin da aka tsara talauci masu kyau na iya haifar da batutuwan masu inganci, musamman a cikin mahalli inda ake watsa siginar FM da yawa kusa.

Tarihin FM da Ci gaba

Gabatarwar mita (FM) alama alama ce ta fice a cikin fasahar rediyo, da nufin rage tsangwama da inganta yanayin nuna alama.A farkon zamanin Rediyon, Static shi ne babbar matsala, musamman tare da amplitude matsakaici (AM).Ni ana tsara tsarin da zai iya haɗuwa sosai ga amo, kamar yadda suka sanya bayanai ta hanyar v ariat a cikin amsin.Abubuwan da aka kirkira suna son hadari na lantarki da layin wutar lantarki na iya sauƙaƙe wannan sigina.

A cikin 1928, American Engineter Edwin Armstrong ya fara bincika FM a matsayin wata hanyar da za a rage tazara ba tare da sadaukar da bandwidth.Ba kamar haka ba ne, FM Encodes ta hanyar mita canje-canje, yana sa shi ƙasa da haɗari da amo.Hanyar Armstrong ta zama Juyin Juya-adalci, yana da kalubalanci imani cewa rage bandwidth ita ce kadai hanyar inganta ingancin sigina.Ya nuna cewa ta hanyar kara bandwidth, FM na iya isar da ingancin sauti tare da karancin amo, har ma a cikin muhalli mai kalubale.Duk da masu sihiri daga masana masana'antu, Armstrong ya ƙuduri niyyar tabbatar da ingancin FM.A shekara ta 1939, ya ƙaddamar da tashar rediyon frm don nuna fa'idodin fasahar.Filatin yana aiki akan mitar tsakanin 42 zuwa 50 MHz, yana nuna cikakkiyar ingancin FM mafi girma da juriya ga tsayayye.

Nasarar Hoton Armstrong ta haifar da fadakarwa FM, da Hukumar sadarwa ta tarayya (FCC) ta fadada FM Band zuwa 88-108 mhz, suna sauƙaƙe da yaduwar tartsatsi.Wannan ragi ba ba tare da kalubale ba, kamar yadda masu karɓar FM da ke gudana sun ɓuya, suna buƙatar masana'anta don yin amfani da kayan aikinsu.Daga qarshe, fa'idodin FM a cikin inganci, tsangwama, da dogaro sun fito da matsalolin farko da kuma sadarwa mai yawan watsa labarai.

Matsayi na zamani & karkara rabo

A cikin mitular myulation (FM), ma'aunin zamani da karkara suna da sigogi masu daraja waɗanda aikin ke tasiri kai tsaye, daga yanayin yanayin aiki kai tsaye, daga yanayin nuna alama don kallo.

Indexirƙirar ƙirar tana auna mitar V ariat dangi da yawan siginar siginar, ƙayyade ko alamar alama ce ta kunkuntar (WBFM).A cikin watsa shirye-shirye, inda WBFM madaidaiciya, injiniyoyi dole ne su a hankali lasisi index na zamani don tabbatar da cewa siginar ta tsaya a cikin bandwidth wanda aka tsara.Wannan tsari ya ƙunshi ci gaba da kulawa da daidaitawa, sau da yawa ana amfani da masu bincike na ɗan lokaci don kula da daidaito daidai tsakanin tawali'u da mulfulaty bandth.

Matsakaicin karkara, wanda shine rabo na matsakaicin karkatarwa zuwa mafi girman mita matsakaici, shima yana taka rawa sosai.A cikin tsarin WBFM, ana buƙatar babban rabo mai tsayi don ingancin sauti amma yana buƙatar faɗakarwa mai karɓa mai karɓa da ci gaba don hana murdiya.Hakanan, a cikin aikace-aikacen NBFM, ƙananan rarar kuɗi yana ba da damar ɗaukar hoto mai ƙarfi, yana amfani da ingantaccen amfani da tsarin sadarwa a cikin tsarin sadarwa.Saita da kuma kiyaye madaidaicin yanayin yanayin daidaitacce da kuma karkara da tsari ne mai ƙila.A cikin mahalarta mahalarta kamar su na zirga-zirga, masu fasaha dole ne tabbatar wadannan sigogi suna nisanta tsangwama da tabbatar da bayyana.

Canza Bandwidth

Hoto na 5: Bandwidth Bandwidth

FM Bandwidth wani muhimmin mahimmanci ne wanda ke shafar inganci da ingancin tsarin sadarwa na tsarin sadarwa.An ƙaddara da farko da mita karkacewa da kuma mitaimiyar siginar siginar sasantawa, samar da kayan sasantawa a kowane gefen mai ɗaukar nauyi.Duk da yake waɗannan ƙusoshin hannun mika wuya a cikin ka'idar, ƙarfinsu yana raguwa daga mai ɗaukar nauyi, kyale injiniyoyi don iyakance bandwidth ba tare da tsara inganci ba.A cikin harkokin watsa shirye-shirye na sauti, FM manyan bandwidth yana goyan bayan kyawawan ƙimar sauti, kamannin bambancin kiɗa da magana.Dole ne injiniyoyin watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shirye masu inganci tare da rarraba sauti, tabbatar da kowane tashar tana aiki a cikin bandwidth ba tare da tsoma baki ba tare da tsoma baki tare da m mitelencies.

Hakanan, kunkuntar-Band FM (NBFM) ana amfani dashi a cikin sadarwa guda biyu-hanya don adana bandwidth.Anan, makasudin shine bayyananniyar sadarwa a kan hanyoyi da yawa da yawa a cikin iyakantaccen bakan.Rage bandwidth na nbfm ya ba da damar shiga tashar shiga tashar don aikace-aikacen sabis na gaggawa.Ingancin FM bandwidth yana da kyau, musamman a wuraren da aka mamaye tare da tashoshin rediyo masu yawa.Dole ne injiniyoyi dole ne su kula da bandwidth da yawa don hana sigina da aka watsa, sau da yawa amfani da matattara masu tacewa mai zurfi.

Aikace-aikacen mita da yawa

Mitar mita (FM) ana amfani dashi a fannoni daban-daban saboda cikakkiyar kariya da bayyanawar ta.Ga wasu manyan aikace-aikace:

• watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo: FM shine daidaitaccen shirye-shiryen watsawa da magana, bayar da sauti mai tsarki tare da ƙanana.Dole ne su ci gaba da watsa shirye-shirye masu watsa shirye-shirye don daidaita ingancin sauti da bandwidth, musamman a birane mai nauyi.

• Radar tsarin: FM Inganta bayyanar da aka nuna a cikin radar, cikakke ne don daidaitawa da bincike.Ma'aikata dole ne su sami ingantaccen sigogi don inganta ƙuduri da kewayon, da kyau a aikace-aikace kamar ikon zirga-zirga tare da sa ido na soja.

• Ana amfani da FM na Seismicing: FM don bincika nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu na kasa, samar da cikakken bayanai don masana'antu kamar mai da gas.Ana buƙatar alamun alamun FM-modulated don ingantaccen taswirar tsarin ƙasa, rage haɗarin kurakurai masu tsada.

• Extungiyar Eletropenenphelagraphy (eeg): A cikin binciken likita, FM ya tabbatar ingantacciyar isar da sakonnin aikin kwakwalwa a cikin gwaje-gwajen EEG.Dole ne masu fasaha su gudanar da sigogi FM don guje wa karkatarwa, tabbatar da karanta yanayin karatu kamar spililesy da raunin kwakwalwa.

Bambanci tsakanin FM da Ni

Al'amari	Mitar mitar (FM)	Amplitude matsakaici (AM)
Ingancin sauti	Mafi girman ingancin sauti tare da ƙasa da ƙasa m ga amo.	Gaba daya ƙananan ingancin sauti saboda m ga amo da tsangwama.
Farashin tsari	Mafi tsada saboda hadaddun Tsarin tsari da kuma tsarin sarrafawa.	Yawanci ba shi da tsada sosai don aiwatarwa Saboda mafi sauƙaƙen zamani da kuma lalata da'irar da'irori.
Kewayon watsa	Na iya hana ta hanyar matsalolin jiki, iyakance iyaka mai amfani.	Za a iya watsa shi a kan nesa mai tsayi, Yin shi da kyau don sadarwa mai tsawo.
Ingancin ƙarfin iko	Mafi inganci, ingantacce, da kyau don ɗaukuwa da kuma na'urorin da aka yi batir.	Ƙasa da iko-ingantacce, buƙatar ƙarin makamashi don watsa siginar siginar, musamman kan nesa mai nisa.
Rotsion Rosis	Yaduwar watsa shirye-shirye don Kula da babban aminci Audio, musamman a cikin yanayin-gani.	Rahotanni na gajera don ingancin inganci AUDIO;Sau da yawa yana buƙatar maimaitawa ko kuma sake fasalin ƙarin ɗaukar hoto.
Tsarin Modulation	Yana daidaita yawan mai ɗaukar kaya sigina, samar da ingantaccen kariya.	Yana daidaita da amplitude na mai ɗauka sigina, yana sa ya fi saurin kamuwa da amo da amplitude da tsangwama.
Demodulation mai rikitarwa	Ƙarin hadaddun, buƙatar sassauƙa Fasaha don cikakken siginar hoto.	In mun gwada da madaidaiciya, tare da sauki Circrixry isa ga siginar sigina.

Ƙarshe

A cikin yanayin fasahar zamani na fasahar sadarwa, m jujjuyawa yana fitowa a matsayin hanyar sake saiti, tabbatar da tabbacin haske da aminci a saman dandali daban-daban.Daga cikin Dalibin da ake buƙata a cikin FM Remodulation ga zaɓin dabarun da ya shafi zaɓin fasahar sauti, amintaccen amfani da bayanan bayanan FM, da ingantaccen amfani da bakan rediyo.Yayin da muke ci gaba da dogaro da FM ga komai daga watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo zuwa ayyukan gaggawa, kuma suna fahimtar da mu don inganta amfani da ita a cikin duniyar da aka haɗa ta da alaƙa da duniya.